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Necmettin Erbakan
Necmettin Erbakan (29 October 1926 – 27 February 2011) was a Turkish politician, engineer, and academic who was the Prime Minister of Turkey from 1996 to 1997. He was pressured by the military to step down as prime minister and was later banned from politics by the Constitutional Court of Turkey for violating the separation of religion and state as mandated by the constitution,〔() BBC. Ex-Turkish PM sentenced, March 2000〕〔() BBC. Turkey Bans Islamists, January 1998〕 a ban that was later upheld by the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR).
The political ideology and movement founded by Erbakan, Millî Görüş, calls for the strengthening of Islamic values in Turkey and turning away from what Erbakan perceived to be the negative influence of the Western world in favor of closer relations to Muslim countries. Erbakan's political views led to conflict with the core principle of secularism in Turkey, culminating in his removal from office. With the Millî Görüş ideology, Erbakan was the founder and leader of several prominent Islamic political parties in Turkey from the 1960s to the 2010s, namely the National Order Party (MNP), the National Salvation Party (MSP), the Welfare Party (RP), the Virtue Party (FP), and the Felicity Party (SP).
== Early life and education ==
Erbakan was born in Sinop, at the coast of Black Sea in northern Turkey. His father was Mehmet Sabri, a judge from the prestigious Kozanoğlu family (Oghuz Turks, Afshar tribe) of Cilicia and his mother Kamer was a native of Sinop and the second wife of Mehmet Sabri.〔(Prof. Dr. Necmettin Erbakan'in soyu ve dogumu )〕
After the high school education in Istanbul High School, he graduated from the Mechanical Engineering Faculty at the Istanbul Technical University in 1948, and received a PhD degree mechenical/engine engineering from the RWTH Aachen University. He later received an MA and second PhD in Islamic Studies from King Saud University.〔 After returning to Turkey, Erbakan became lecturer at the İTÜ and was appointed professor in 1965 at the same university.〔 After working some time in leading position in the industry, he switched over to politics, and was elected deputy of Konya in 1969.〔 He was a member of the Community of İskenderpaşa, a Turkish sufistic community of the Naqshbandi tariqah.〔(Radikal: "Nakşibendi şeyhi öldü - Nakşibendi tarikatının ünlü kollarından İskender Paşa cemaatinin şeyhi Coşan, Avustralya'da trafik kazasında yaşamını yitirdi. Aynı kazada ölen Uyarel, şeyhin olası haleflerinden sayılıyordu" ) 5 Şubat 2001〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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